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61.
62.
Linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping of foliage late blight resistance in the wild species Solanum vernei 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The global cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) is threatened by epidemics caused by new variants of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. New sources of durable late blight resistance are urgently needed and these may be found in wild Solanum species. The diploid wild species, S. vernei, has not previously been subjected to mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for late blight resistance. Two populations designated HGIHJS and HGG, originating from a cross between a clone of S. vernei and two different S. tuberosum clones were evaluated in field trials for late blight infestation. The relative area under the disease progress curve (RAUDPC) was estimated and used for QTL mapping. A linkage map of S. vernei, comprising 11 linkage groups, nine of which could be assigned to chromosomes, was constructed. Results indicated that the resistance in S. vernei was quantitatively inherited. Significant QTLs for late blight resistance were identified on chromosomes VIII (HGG), VI and IX (HGIHJS). In addition, potential QTLs were detected on chromosomes VII (HGIHJS) and IX (HGG). A putative and a significant QTL for tuber yield were found on chromosomes VI and VII in HGG, but no linkage between yield and resistance was indicated. The QTL for late blight resistance, which mapped to chromosome IX, could be useful for late blight resistance breeding as it was located close to the microsatellite marker STM1051 in both populations. 相似文献
63.
R. Pathirana 《Plant Breeding》1992,108(4):314-319
Due to the non-availability of sources of resistance in Sri Lanka to Phytopbthora blight in sesame (Sesamum indicum) caused by Phytopbthora nicotianae var. parasitica, a mutation breeding programme was initiated. Seeds of three genotypes were subjected to six doses of gamma rays from 100 Gy to 750 Gy from a 60Co source. Seeds of M2 bulks, sampled by variety and treatment from the first five capsules formed on M1 plants, were grown in a field with a history of repeated incidence of the disease. The best 21 lines, having the highest survival and seed production, identified in the screening of M3 and M4 progeny rows of selected M2 single plants were then tested in a replicated field trial with the recommended cultivar ‘MI 3’ as a control. The plant survival in selected lines averaged 43.3 percent as against 7.2 percent in the recommended variety. Eight selections recorded significantly higher seed yield than ‘MI 3’ at P < 0.01 and another three at P < 0.05. Gamma ray treatments of 450 Gy and 600 Gy produced more lines tolerant to the disease than the other doses used. 相似文献
64.
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most destructive disease of potato worldwide. As this pathogen can rapidly overcome major race‐specific resistance genes, identifying the basis for enhanced quantitative resistance has become a crucial element for implementing advanced breeding strategies. A population of 230 full‐sib progeny derived from a cross between two diploid hybrid Solanum phureja × S. stenotomum clones was evaluated for foliage resistance against late blight in replicated trials at multiple locations in Pennsylvania between 1999 and 2002. In field experiments, plants were evaluated visually for per cent defoliation, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. The two parents and three control cultivars (‘Atlantic’, ‘Kennebec’ and ‘Katahdin’) were included in all trials. In all three experiments, the presence of a significant number of clones exhibiting transgressive segregation were observed. There were significant differences among environments as well as among clones, and the clone × environment interaction was also significant. Stability analysis revealed that 37 clones made a significant contribution to the overall environment × clone interaction. Broad‐sense heritability for resistance, measured as AUDPC, was estimated as 0.67. The overall results indicate the presence in this potato family of a high level of field resistance against late blight. This segregating diploid family appears to be a good candidate for quantitative trait loci mapping to identify and characterize the genetic components of partial late blight resistance. 相似文献
65.
Summary For RFLP mapping of R-genes, determining resistance to specific races of Phytophthora infestans in tetraploid potato, it is necessary to develop well segregating populations at the 2x level. During mapping studies, evidence was obtained that more genetic factor(s) are involved in the expression of R-genes than conventionally believed. Two experiments are described in which such an additional genetic factor was suppressing or enhancing the expression of unknown R
nand R
ifactors. R
nand R
iappeared to be present in the investigated plant material, containing R4 and R10, or in one of the susceptible crossing parents. In a third experiment, the expression and the segregation of the well known R1 gene was influenced by an additional genetic factor. In that case there were indications for a dominant suppressor. This was established by the selection of susceptible plants carrying a RFLP allele of probe GP21 closely linked to R1. In three of the four F1 populations, resulting from crosses between such susceptible plants and susceptible tester plants, resistnat progenies were found. The resistance appeared to be R1-specific. This clearly indicates that in three of the four investigated susceptible plants, the R1 gene was still present but not expressed. 相似文献
66.
Summary An investigation was conducted during the summer months of 1986–1987 and 1987–1988 in Western Australia to evaluate the effect of soil solarization on the control of root rot of gerbera an also on the microbial and nutrient status of the soil. Infested soil cores were sampled from a site where root-rot was a severe problem and were removed to a non-infested site where they were subjected to soil solarization or fumigation. Soil solarization resulted in reduced root rot (root disease index 28.6%) in comparison to the untreated control (52.0%) 8 months after planting. Plants in the fumigated plots had 15.8% less disease than those in solarized plots. Solarization increased the total numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes, and the proportion of bacteria and fungi antogonistic to Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani. The proportion of actinomycetes antagonistic to these fungi, however, did not differ between solarized and control soil treatments. There was a significant reduction in disease in plants grown in infested fumigated soil to which a 10% concentration of solarized soil had been added, suggesting the development of microbial suppression in solarized soil. Phytophthora cryptogea was eradicated to 30 cm by solarization as well as by fumigation. Solarization eliminated R. solani but not F. oxysporum to a soil depth of 10 cm. Solarization increased the levels of NO
n3
–
-N and NH4
+-N in soil, but did not affect the concentrations of PO4
3–, K+, Fe2+, organic C and pH. Yield (as number of flowers per plant) was increased by soil solarization and by fumigation.Increased yields and decreased disease severity in the solarized plots could have been caused by (1) a reduction in the infectivity of the infested soils, (2) an increase in the suppressiveness of the soil, and (3) an increased available of plant nutrients. 相似文献
67.
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69.
黑胫病菌诱导的烟草SSH文库构建及其分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黑胫病是危害严重的世界性烟草主要病害之一,探究烟草对黑胫病的抗病机制,可以为该病的综合防治提供理论依据。本研究以烟草黑胫病抗性品种革新3号为材料,利用黑胫病0号生理小种诱导其水平抗性,分别在接种后0.5、1、3、6、10和16 d取样,通过抑制差减杂交技术(SSH)构建cDNA文库,获得了960个阳性克隆。利用反向Northern斑点杂交技术对其中240个阳性克隆进行杂交筛选,筛选出57个表达差异明显的基因,序列拼接后获得33条高质量EST,测序及其比对分析表明,革新3号对烟草黑胫病抗性相关基因主要涉及抗病防卫、光合作用、信号传导和能量代谢等方面。进一步基因功能分析显示,病程相关PR1b蛋白、半胱氨酸蛋白、延伸因子1-α、α-微管蛋白、细胞色素P450、精胺合成酶、水通道蛋白、过氧化物酶体膜蛋白、甘氨酸延伸因子等可能参与了烟草与黑胫病菌非亲和互作过程。 相似文献
70.
研究了氨基寡糖素田间防治辣椒疫病和体外对辣椒疫霉(Phytophthoracapsici)的抑菌作用,为其在生产上的应用提供依据。田间喷雾使用氨基寡糖素对辣椒疫病有一定的防效,40mg/L氨基寡糖素对辣椒疫病的防效高达73.2%。采用生长速率法在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)上研究了氨基寡糖素体外对辣椒疫霉菌丝生长的影响,结果表明氨基寡糖素可以抑制辣椒疫霉的菌丝生长,有效中浓度EC50为100mg/L。在无菌水中氨基寡糖素可以抑制辣椒疫霉新生菌丝上孢子囊的形成以及静止孢的萌发,有效中浓度EC50分别为0.64mg/L和41.84mg/L。 相似文献